By: Clara Lucia Grizales Rodríguez, Pediatric Pulmonologist – Specialist in teaching for higher education.
Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic lung disease in childhood, characterized by bronchoconstriction (narrowing of the bronchi), edema (swelling) and hypersecretion of mucus in the airway.
Classification of Bronchial Asthma
According to international guidelines (GINA and PRACTALL), asthma is classified according to its level of control:
- Controlled asthma: No symptoms during the day or at night, no limitation on activities, and no need for relief medications.
- Partially controlled asthma: Symptoms more than twice a week, some limitation in exercise, and a need for relief medication.
- Uncontrolled asthma: Symptoms three or more times per week, constant limitation, and weekly exacerbations.
Diagnosis and Manifestations
The diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the patient's history and physical examination. The most common symptoms include cough (especially with exercise or laughter), shortness of breath, wheezing, and fatigue.
Myths and Realities about Inhalers
There are many myths that generate unnecessary fear in parents:
- Myth: "Inhalers either make the heart grow larger or cause addiction."
- Reality: These medications are safe, highly effective, and act directly on the bronchi with minimal side effects when used at the correct dose.
Essential care for the child with asthma
- Normal life: The goal is for the child to be able to play, swim, and run without limitations.
- Temperature: Avoid sudden changes from cold to hot quickly.
- Hygiene: Keep fans and air conditioners clean.
- Feeding: Avoid junk food and processed meats that promote reflux.
- Sport: Swimming is highly recommended to improve lung capacity.
- Smoke-free home: Completely avoid contact with smokers, even if they smoke away from the child.
- Vaccination: Get vaccinated annually against influenza and pneumococcus.
If your child coughs when crying, exercising, or laughing, consult a specialist.
